Can Shirakawa-go survive from over-tourism?

shirakawa-go

shirakawa-go

Breathtaking scenery from the bus journey

 

Over-tourism is now a global problem, and it becomes more problematic when a historic and tranquil village is suddenly listed as an Unesco World Heritage Site. While many governments endeavour to get their country’s famous sightseeing sites listed in order to generate tourism and income, they are also putting these sites at risk of over-tourism and environmental issues. Unfortunately, the remote mountain village in Gifu prefecture, Shirakawa-go, has been suffering from these problems since it (along with its neighbouring Gokayama) was declared as Unesco World Heritage Site in 1995. Around 1,700,000 people visit this small village each year, and it is continuing to grow; it is hard to imagine how it can withstand the impact and maintain its traditional way of life in the future.

 

shirakawa-go

shirakawa-go

shirakawa-go

shirakawa-go

 

When I was doing my research before my trip, I read from many forums that the area’s tranquil ambience has been spoiled by numerous big bus tour groups that on average spend less than a two hours there daily. After reading many negative comments online, I decided to spend the night at the less crowded neighbouring village instead, but I still wanted to see for myself the appeal of this area.

Due to the remote and mountainous location, only buses or cars can reach these villages. Since I had already forwarded my luggage to Kanazawa, I was able to travel with a rucksack which made life much easier. During the bus journey towards the village, I was utterly captivated by the beautiful mountain scenery outside of the window. And later I learned that there was a big snowfall only a few days ago, hence there was still snow on the ground when I arrived.

 

shirakawa-go

shirakawa-go

shirakawa-go

shirakawa-go

 

Located on the Sho-kawa River, Ogimachi is the largest village in the region with a population of 1700 people, and it is home to several dozen well preserved thatched A-framed gassho-zukuri (constructed like praying hands) farmhouses, some of which are more than 250 years old. Due to the construction of the Miboro Dam over the Shokawa River in the 1960s, many of the nearby villages were flooded and the gassho farmhouses were moved to Ogimachi’s Open air museum for preservation, while others were relocated to the Gassho Village in Gero Onsen.

The structures of these farmhouses are unique to this region, and they are designed to withstand the harsh winters and heavy snow. Aside from the architecture, its folk culture and lifestyles are also quite distinct.

 

shirakawa-go Gohei Mochi  shirakawa-go Gohei Mochi

Gohei Mochi is the region’s well-loved snack made of grilled sticky rice covered with a layer of walnut-miso coating and then regrilled

 

shirakawa-go  shirakawa-go

shirakawa-go

shirakawa-go

shirakawa-go

shirakawa-go

shirakawa-go  shirakawa-go

 

Each year, Shirkawa-go hosts a winter light-up event on selected Sunday and Monday evenings in January and February, and in 2017, over 40000 people visited during the event over six days. Overwhelmed by its popularity and the problems caused, the Tourist Association had to introduce a new system to limit visitor numbers during the light-up events by requiring advance reservations. But is this enough to combat the long-term problems caused by mass tourism?

During my visit, I noticed that there were coaches of tourists flocking in and out of the village in no time; I think they probably spend about an hour in the village for some photo opportunities. Apparently, the village is much quieter in the evenings since these tour groups do not stay in the village overnight.

 

shirakawa-go

shirakawa-go

shirakawa-go

shirakawa-go

 

It is understandable why this the idyllic village would attract so many tourists, but I cannot imagine this is sustainable in the long-term. I did not encounter one tourist when I visited the Jin Homura Art Museum showcasing art works by the the painter, Jin Homura, who used to live in this house. I am not sure how much income these tourists are bringing to the village if they only spend so little time here.

 

shirakawa-go

shirakawa-go

shirakawa-go

Top: The open air museum; Bottom two rows: Jin Homura Art Museum

 

After a visit to the art museum, I had some freshly made soba noodles at the moderately-priced and casual Soba Wakimoto located inside a large gasso house. But due to the restricted bus timetable, I had to leave after lunch in order to catch the bus to the nearby and even more remote Ainokura, where I will be spending the night in a traditional minshuku.

I don’t think the problem of over-tourism can be solved overnight, but I hope that local Tourist Associations can find a balance so that these picturesque and important villages will not be destroyed in the years to come.

 

shirakawa-go Soba Wakimoto

shirakawa-go Soba Wakimoto

shirakawa-go Soba Wakimoto

Soba Wakimoto

 

‘Kanko kogai’ (tourism pollution) in Kyoto

kyoto

philosopher's path  sakura

The usually tranquil Philosopher’s path was full of tourists with selfie sticks during the cherry blossom period

 

I have been warned and I knew when I struggled to find accommodations three months before my trip, yet I still went to Kyoto during the sakura season. It was not my plan to visit Japan during the sakura season, but due to the timing of the indigo dyeing workshop, I reluctantly ended up in Kyoto during its peak season – something I would normally avoid as much as possible. I don’t know how the residents cope with the mass tourism during the cherry blossom season, but I totally empathise with them since London also struggles with mass tourism in the summers. These days, mass tourism is having a negative impact on the infrastructure and environment around the world, and governments need to take measures to tackle this modern-day phenomenon to minimise further environmental and other damages.

 

kyoto

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sakura

sakura

 

According to the United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO), around 28.7 million tourists from abroad visited Japan last year, and with the 2020 Olympics coming up, the numbers are likely to surpass 40 million. Some Japanese media even dubbed this issue as ‘kanko kogai‘, or tourism pollution. Even though tourists from around the world flock to Kyoto during the cherry blossom period, the most notable ones are from China. It is hard to ignore the rise of Chinese tourists around the world in the past decade, and Japan is one of the their favourite destinations partly due to the proximity between the two countries. Now more than six million Chinese tourists visit Japan annually, and they are not all welcome by the Japanese because of the differences in etiquette and behaviour. What is worse is when they rent kimonos and roam around Kyoto/Tokyo in non-Japanese manners; it is not hard to understand why the Japanese are secretly rolling their eyes.

 

ginkakuji

ginkakuji

The famous Ginkakuji temple was almost congested at 10am

 

My advice is to avoid Kyoto during the sakura season, because it is unpleasant and stressful. I have previously visited Kyoto during the winter, and it was relatively warm and sunny, with few tourists and better services. After spending days hiking in forests where I saw only trees and few humans, it was like a shock to my system when I arrived in an overcrowded Kyoto. Four days in Kyoto turned out to be a quest to try and get away from crowds and tourists, which was a challenge and it completely tarnished my views on Kyoto. I made a mistake of visiting the Philosopher’s path and Ginkakuji (where I visited about 12 years ago) in the morning, and it was completely packed. The cherry blossom was beautiful, but being surrounded by tourists taking selfies with their selfie sticks was hardly tranquil. Previously, when I visited the Philosopher’s path in the summer, we were able to stroll and enjoy the sights and shops along the path at a leisurely pace and with few tourists around us. Those were the days…

 

kyoto

kyoto

kyoto

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kyoto

kyoto

Streets of Kyoto

 

Many of us would rather be seen as a traveler than a tourist, but is there a difference between the two terms? I think so. Years ago, I read the novel by American writer, Paul Bowles‘ ‘The Sheltering sky’ (and watched the films many times), and the protagonist distinguishes the difference as follows:

He did not think of himself as a tourist; he was a traveler. The difference is partly one of time, he would explain. Whereas the tourist generally hurries back home at the end of a few weeks or months, the traveler, belonging no more to one place than to the next, moves slowly, over periods of years, from one part of the earth to another. Indeed, he would have found it difficult to tell, among the many places he had lived, precisely where it was he had felt most at home… Another important difference between tourist and traveler is that the former accepts his own civilization without question; not so the traveler, who compares it with the others, and rejects those elements he finds not to his liking.’

According to the above paragraph, a majority of us would be considered as tourists in Paul Bowles‘ eyes, but this was written in 1949, so I am not sure how many ‘travelers’ still exist today. I would love to be a traveler and just drift around the world for years, but this lifestyle is probably reserved for the more privileged. Yet the last part of the paragraph seems to imply that travelers are more thoughtful when they travel, and they would question and compare rather than just follow the crowds.

 

kyoto  kyoto

Kyoto at night

 

Personally, I felt that my 5-week journey around Japan was unlike my previous ones, because it revolved around craft and nature. And most of the local people I met during my journey appreciated that I wasn’t just there to visit famous sights or to eat and shop. All the artisans and craftsmen I met were very proud of their craftsmanship and traditions, and they welcome visitors who would take the time to try and understand their culture beyond the surface.

Perhaps the definitions of the two term are not that important, the more important point is the attitude and mindset. If we want to be likable tourists/travelers, we have to respect other cultures and etiquette when we are there. Let’s all try to be responsible tourists/ travelers from now on.

 

kyoto

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